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2025 版公民测试 128 题（中英对照）

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A: Principles of American Government

1What is the form of government of the United States?

美国的政体形式是什么？

Republic共和制
Constitution-based federal republic以宪法为基础的联邦共和国
Representative democracy代议制民主

2What is the supreme law of the land? ★

这个国家的最高法律是什么？

(U.S.) Constitution（美国）宪法

3Name one thing the U.S. Constitution does.

说出美国宪法的一项作用。

Forms the government组建政府
Defines powers of government界定政府的权力
Defines the parts of government界定政府的组成部分
Protects the rights of the people保护人民的权利

4The U.S. Constitution starts with the words “We the People.” What does “We the People” mean?

美国宪法以「我们人民」开头。「我们人民」是什么意思？

Self-government自治
Popular sovereignty人民主权
Consent of the governed被统治者的同意
People should govern themselves人民应当自己治理自己
(Example of) social contract（社会契约的一个例子）

5How are changes made to the U.S. Constitution?

如何修改美国宪法？

Amendments修正案
The amendment process修宪程序

6What does the Bill of Rights protect?

《权利法案》保护什么？

(The basic) rights of Americans美国人的（基本）权利
(The basic) rights of people living in the United States在美国居住的人的（基本）权利

7How many amendments does the U.S. Constitution have? ★

美国宪法有多少条修正案？

Twenty-seven (27)二十七（27）条

8Why is the Declaration of Independence important?

《独立宣言》为什么重要？

It says America is free from British control.它宣告美国脱离英国的控制。
It says all people are created equal.它宣告人人生而平等。
It identifies inherent rights.它确认了固有权利。
It identifies individual freedoms.它确认了个人自由。

9What founding document said the American colonies were free from Britain?

哪份建国文件宣告美洲殖民地脱离英国？

Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》

10Name two important ideas from the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

说出《独立宣言》和美国宪法中的两个重要理念。

Equality平等
Liberty自由
Social contract社会契约
Natural rights自然权利
Limited government有限政府
Self-government自治

11The words “Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness” are in what founding document?

「生命、自由和追求幸福」这几个词出自哪份建国文件？

Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》

12What is the economic system of the United States? ★

美国的经济制度是什么？

Capitalism资本主义
Free market economy自由市场经济

13What is the rule of law?

什么是法治？

Everyone must follow the law.每个人都必须遵守法律。
Leaders must obey the law.领导人必须遵守法律。
Government must obey the law.政府必须遵守法律。
No one is above the law.没有人可以凌驾于法律之上。

14Many documents influenced the U.S. Constitution. Name one.

许多文献影响了美国宪法。说出其中一份。

Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》
Articles of Confederation《邦联条例》
Federalist Papers《联邦党人文集》
Anti-Federalist Papers《反联邦党人文集》
Virginia Declaration of Rights《弗吉尼亚权利法案》
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut《康涅狄格基本法》
Mayflower Compact《五月花号公约》
Iroquois Great Law of Peace《易洛魁大和平法》

15There are three branches of government. Why?

政府有三个分支。为什么？

So one part does not become too powerful为了不让某一部分变得过于强大
Checks and balances制衡
Separation of powers三权分立

B: System of Government

16Name the three branches of government.

说出政府的三个分支。

Legislative, executive, and judicial立法、行政、司法
Congress, president, and the courts国会、总统和法院

17The President of the United States is in charge of which branch of government?

美国总统主管哪个政府分支？

Executive branch行政分支

18What part of the federal government writes laws?

联邦政府的哪个部分制定法律？

(U.S.) Congress（美国）国会
(U.S. or national) legislature（美国或国家）立法机关
Legislative branch立法分支

19What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?

美国国会由哪两部分组成？

Senate and House (of Representatives)参议院和众议院

20Name one power of the U.S. Congress. ★

说出美国国会的一项权力。

Writes laws制定法律
Declares war宣战
Makes the federal budget编制联邦预算

21How many U.S. senators are there?

美国有多少名联邦参议员？

One hundred (100)一百（100）名

22How long is a term for a U.S. senator?

美国联邦参议员的任期是多久？

Six (6) years六（6）年

23Who is one of your state’s U.S. senators now?

现在你所在州的一位联邦参议员是谁？

Answers will vary. [District of Columbia residents and residents of U.S. territories should answer that D.C. (or the territory where the applicant lives) has no U.S. senators.]答案因人而异。〔哥伦比亚特区居民和美国海外领地居民应回答：特区（或申请人居住的领地）没有联邦参议员。〕

24How many voting members are in the House of Representatives?

众议院有多少名有投票权的议员？

Four hundred thirty-five (435)四百三十五（435）名

25How long is a term for a member of the House of Representatives?

众议员的任期是多久？

Two (2) years两（2）年

26Why do U.S. representatives serve shorter terms than U.S. senators?

为什么众议员的任期比参议员短？

To more closely follow public opinion为了更贴近民意

27How many senators does each state have?

每个州有多少名联邦参议员？

Two (2)两（2）名

28Why does each state have two senators?

为什么每个州都有两名参议员？

Equal representation (for small states)（让小州获得）平等代表权
The Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)《大妥协》（《康涅狄格妥协案》）

29Name your U.S. representative.

说出你所在选区的联邦众议员。

Answers will vary. [Residents of territories with nonvoting Delegates or Resident Commissioners may provide the name of that Delegate or Commissioner. Also acceptable is any statement that the territory has no (voting) representatives in Congress.]答案因人而异。〔设有无投票权代表或驻地专员的领地居民，可说出该代表或专员的姓名。回答该领地在国会没有（有投票权的）众议员也可以。〕

30What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now? ★

现任众议院议长是谁？

Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives.请访问 uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates 查询现任众议院议长姓名。

31Who does a U.S. senator represent?

联邦参议员代表谁？

Citizens of their state本州的公民
People of their state本州的人民

32Who elects U.S. senators?

谁选举联邦参议员？

Citizens from their state本州的公民

33Who does a member of the House of Representatives represent?

众议员代表谁？

Citizens in their (congressional) district其（国会）选区的公民
Citizens in their district其选区的公民
People from their (congressional) district其（国会）选区的人民
People in their district其选区的人民

34Who elects members of the House of Representatives?

谁选举众议员？

Citizens from their (congressional) district其（国会）选区的公民

35Some states have more representatives than other states. Why?

有些州的众议员比其他州多。为什么？

(Because of) the state’s population（因为）该州的人口
(Because) they have more people（因为）他们的人口更多
(Because) some states have more people（因为）有些州人口更多

36The President of the United States is elected for how many years? ★

美国总统任期几年？

Four (4) years四（4）年

37The President of the United States can serve only two terms. Why?

美国总统只能连任两届。为什么？

(Because of) the 22nd Amendment（因为）第 22 条修正案
To keep the president from becoming too powerful为了防止总统权力过大

38What is the name of the President of the United States now? ★

现任美国总统是谁？

Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the President of the United States.请访问 uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates 查询现任美国总统姓名。

39What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now? ★

现任美国副总统是谁？

Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the Vice President of the United States.请访问 uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates 查询现任美国副总统姓名。

40If the president can no longer serve, who becomes president?

如果总统无法继续履职，谁将接任总统？

The Vice President (of the United States)（美国）副总统

41Name one power of the president.

说出总统的一项权力。

Signs bills into law签署法案使其成为法律
Vetoes bills否决法案
Enforces laws执行法律
Commander in Chief (of the military)（军队）总司令
Chief diplomat首席外交官
Appoints federal judges任命联邦法官

42Who is Commander in Chief of the U.S. military?

谁是美国军队的总司令？

The President (of the United States)（美国）总统

43Who signs bills to become laws?

谁签署法案使其成为法律？

The President (of the United States)（美国）总统

44Who vetoes bills? ★

谁否决法案？

The President (of the United States)（美国）总统

45Who appoints federal judges?

谁任命联邦法官？

The President (of the United States)（美国）总统

46The executive branch has many parts. Name one.

行政分支有很多组成部分。说出一个。

President (of the United States)（美国）总统
Cabinet内阁
Federal departments and agencies联邦各部和各机构

47What does the President’s Cabinet do?

总统的内阁做什么？

Advises the President (of the United States)向（美国）总统提供建议

48What are two Cabinet-level positions?

说出两个内阁级职位。

Attorney General司法部长
Secretary of Agriculture农业部长
Secretary of Commerce商务部长
Secretary of Education教育部长
Secretary of Energy能源部长
Secretary of Health and Human Services卫生与公众服务部长
Secretary of Homeland Security国土安全部长
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development住房与城市发展部长
Secretary of the Interior内政部长
Secretary of Labor劳工部长
Secretary of State国务卿
Secretary of Transportation运输部长
Secretary of the Treasury财政部长
Secretary of Veterans Affairs退伍军人事务部长
Secretary of War (Defense)战争（国防）部长
Vice-President副总统
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency环境保护署署长
Administrator of the Small Business Administration小企业管理局局长
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency中央情报局局长
Director of the Office of Management and Budget管理和预算办公室主任
Director of National Intelligence国家情报总监
United States Trade Representative美国贸易代表

49Why is the Electoral College important?

选举人团为什么重要？

It decides who is elected president.它决定谁当选总统。
It provides a compromise between the popular election of the president and congressional selection.它是在总统由民众直选与由国会选任之间的一种妥协。

50What is one part of the judicial branch?

司法分支的一个组成部分是什么？

Supreme Court最高法院
Federal Courts联邦法院

51What does the judicial branch do?

司法分支做什么？

Reviews laws审查法律
Explains laws解释法律
Resolves disputes (disagreements) about the law裁决与法律有关的争议（分歧）
Decides if a law goes against the (U.S.) Constitution裁定某项法律是否违反（美国）宪法

52What is the highest court in the United States? ★

美国最高的法院是什么？

Supreme Court最高法院

53How many seats are on the Supreme Court?

最高法院有多少个席位？

Nine (9)九（9）个

54How many Supreme Court justices are usually needed to decide a case?

裁决一个案件通常需要多少名最高法院大法官？

Five (5)五（5）名

55How long do Supreme Court justices serve?

最高法院大法官任期多久？

(For) life终身
Lifetime appointment终身任命
(Until) retirement（直到）退休

56Supreme Court justices serve for life. Why?

最高法院大法官为什么终身任职？

To be independent (of politics)为了保持（不受政治影响的）独立性
To limit outside (political) influence为了限制外部（政治）影响

57Who is the Chief Justice of the United States now?

现任美国首席大法官是谁？

Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the Chief Justice of the United States.请访问 uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates 查询现任美国首席大法官姓名。

58Name one power that is only for the federal government.

说出一项只属于联邦政府的权力。

Print paper money印制纸币
Mint coins铸造硬币
Declare war宣战
Create an army组建军队
Make treaties缔结条约
Set foreign policy制定外交政策

59Name one power that is only for the states.

说出一项只属于各州的权力。

Provide schooling and education提供学校教育
Provide protection (police)提供治安保护（警察）
Provide safety (fire departments)提供安全保障（消防）
Give a driver’s license颁发驾照
Approve zoning and land use批准分区规划和土地使用

60What is the purpose of the 10th Amendment?

第 10 条修正案的目的是什么？

(It states that the) powers not given to the federal government belong to the states or to the people.（它规定）未授予联邦政府的权力属于各州或人民。

61Who is the governor of your state now? ★

现在你所在州的州长是谁？

Answers will vary. [District of Columbia residents should answer that D.C. does not have a governor.]答案因人而异。〔哥伦比亚特区居民应回答：特区没有州长。〕

62What is the capital of your state?

你所在州的首府是哪里？

Answers will vary. [District of Columbia residents should answer that D.C. is not a state and does not have a capital. Residents of U.S. territories should name the capital of the territory.]答案因人而异。〔哥伦比亚特区居民应回答：特区不是州，没有首府。美国海外领地居民应说出该领地的首府。〕

C: Rights and Responsibilities

63There are four amendments to the U.S. Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them.

美国宪法中有四条关于谁可以投票的修正案。描述其中一条。

Citizens eighteen (18) and older (can vote).年满十八（18）岁的公民（可以投票）。
You don’t have to pay (a poll tax) to vote.投票不需要缴纳（人头税）。
Any citizen can vote. (Women and men can vote.)任何公民都可以投票。（男女均可投票。）
A male citizen of any race (can vote).任何种族的男性公民（都可以投票）。

64Who can vote in federal elections, run for federal office, and serve on a jury in the United States?

在美国，谁可以在联邦选举中投票、竞选联邦公职并担任陪审员？

Citizens公民
Citizens of the United States美国的公民
U.S. citizens美国公民

65What are three rights of everyone living in the United States?

在美国居住的每个人享有哪三项权利？

Freedom of expression表达自由
Freedom of speech言论自由
Freedom of assembly集会自由
Freedom to petition the government向政府请愿的自由
Freedom of religion宗教自由
The right to bear arms持有武器的权利

66What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance? ★

我们念《效忠誓词》时，是在向什么表示忠诚？

The United States美国
The flag国旗

67Name two promises that new citizens make in the Oath of Allegiance.

说出新公民在《入籍宣誓》中做出的两项承诺。

Give up loyalty to other countries放弃对其他国家的效忠
Defend the (U.S.) Constitution捍卫（美国）宪法
Obey the laws of the United States遵守美国法律
Serve in the military (if needed)（必要时）服兵役
Serve (help, do important work for) the nation (if needed)（必要时）为国家服务（提供帮助、从事重要工作）
Be loyal to the United States忠于美国

68How can people become United States citizens?

人们如何成为美国公民？

Be born in the United States, under the conditions set by the 14th Amendment依据第 14 条修正案规定的条件，出生在美国
Naturalize归化入籍
Derive citizenship (under conditions set by Congress)（依据国会规定的条件）派生取得公民身份

69What are two examples of civic participation in the United States?

说出美国公民参与的两个例子。

Vote投票
Run for office竞选公职
Join a political party加入政党
Help with a campaign协助竞选活动
Join a civic group加入公民团体
Join a community group加入社区团体
Give an elected official your opinion (on an issue)向民选官员表达你（对某议题）的意见
Contact elected officials联系民选官员
Support or oppose an issue or policy支持或反对某项议题或政策
Write to a newspaper给报社写信

70What is one way Americans can serve their country?

美国人可以用什么方式为国家服务？说出一种。

Vote投票
Pay taxes纳税
Obey the law守法
Serve in the military服兵役
Run for office竞选公职
Work for local, state, or federal government在地方、州或联邦政府工作

71Why is it important to pay federal taxes?

为什么缴纳联邦税很重要？

Required by law法律要求
All people pay to fund the federal government所有人共同出资以维持联邦政府运转
Required by the (U.S.) Constitution (16th Amendment)（美国）宪法（第 16 条修正案）要求
Civic duty公民义务

72It is important for all men age 18 through 25 to register for the Selective Service. Name one reason why.

18 至 25 岁的男性都必须进行兵役登记（Selective Service）。说出一个理由。

Required by law法律要求
Civic duty公民义务
Makes the draft fair, if needed在必要时使征兵更公平

A: Colonial Period and Independence

73The colonists came to America for many reasons. Name one.

殖民者来到美洲有很多原因。说出一个。

Freedom自由
Political liberty政治自由
Religious freedom宗教自由
Economic opportunity经济机会
Escape persecution逃避迫害

74Who lived in America before the Europeans arrived? ★

欧洲人到来之前，谁住在美洲？

American Indians美洲印第安人
Native Americans原住民（Native Americans）

75What group of people was taken and sold as slaves?

哪一群人被掳走并被当作奴隶贩卖？

Africans非洲人
People from Africa来自非洲的人

76What war did the Americans fight to win independence from Britain?

美国人为赢得脱离英国的独立，打了哪场战争？

American Revolution美国革命
The (American) Revolutionary War（美国）独立战争
War for (American) Independence争取（美国）独立的战争

77Name one reason why the Americans declared independence from Britain.

说出美国人宣布脱离英国独立的一个原因。

High taxes高额赋税
Taxation without representation无代表却征税
British soldiers stayed in Americans’ houses (boarding, quartering)英国士兵住在美国人家里（借宿、驻扎）
They did not have self-government他们没有自治权
Boston Massacre波士顿惨案
Boston Tea Party (Tea Act)波士顿倾茶事件（《茶叶法》）
Stamp Act《印花税法》
Sugar Act《食糖法》
Townshend Acts《汤森德法案》
Intolerable (Coercive) Acts《不可容忍法案》（《强制法案》）

78Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? ★

《独立宣言》是谁写的？

(Thomas) Jefferson（托马斯·）杰斐逊

79When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?

《独立宣言》是何时通过的？

July 4, 17761776 年 7 月 4 日

80The American Revolution had many important events. Name one.

美国革命有许多重要事件。说出一个。

(Battle of) Bunker Hill邦克山（战役）
Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》
Washington Crossing the Delaware (Battle of Trenton)华盛顿横渡特拉华河（特伦顿战役）
(Battle of) Saratoga萨拉托加（战役）
Valley Forge (Encampment)福吉谷（扎营）
(Battle of) Yorktown (British surrender at Yorktown)约克镇（战役）（英军在约克镇投降）

81There were 13 original states. Name five.

最初有 13 个州。说出五个。

New Hampshire新罕布什尔
Massachusetts马萨诸塞
Rhode Island罗德岛
Connecticut康涅狄格
New York纽约
New Jersey新泽西
Pennsylvania宾夕法尼亚
Delaware特拉华
Maryland马里兰
Virginia弗吉尼亚
North Carolina北卡罗来纳
South Carolina南卡罗来纳
Georgia佐治亚

82What founding document was written in 1787?

1787 年写成的建国文件是什么？

(U.S.) Constitution（美国）宪法

83The Federalist Papers supported the passage of the U.S. Constitution. Name one of the writers.

《联邦党人文集》支持美国宪法的通过。说出其中一位作者。

(James) Madison（詹姆斯·）麦迪逊
(Alexander) Hamilton（亚历山大·）汉密尔顿
(John) Jay（约翰·）杰伊
Publius普布利乌斯（Publius）

84Why were the Federalist Papers important?

《联邦党人文集》为什么重要？

They helped people understand the (U.S.) Constitution.它帮助人们理解（美国）宪法。
They supported passing the (U.S.) Constitution.它支持通过（美国）宪法。

85Benjamin Franklin is famous for many things. Name one.

本杰明·富兰克林以许多事情闻名。说出一件。

Founded the first free public libraries创办了第一批免费公共图书馆
First Postmaster General of the United States美国第一任邮政总长
Helped write the Declaration of Independence参与撰写《独立宣言》
Inventor发明家
U.S. diplomat美国外交官

86George Washington is famous for many things. Name one. ★

乔治·华盛顿以许多事情闻名。说出一件。

“Father of Our Country”「国父」
First president of the United States美国第一任总统
General of the Continental Army大陆军总司令
President of the Constitutional Convention制宪会议主席

87Thomas Jefferson is famous for many things. Name one.

托马斯·杰斐逊以许多事情闻名。说出一件。

Writer of the Declaration of Independence《独立宣言》的执笔人
Third president of the United States美国第三任总统
Doubled the size of the United States (Louisiana Purchase)使美国国土面积翻倍（路易斯安那购地）
First Secretary of State第一任国务卿
Founded the University of Virginia创办弗吉尼亚大学
Writer of the Virginia Statute on Religious Freedom《弗吉尼亚宗教自由法》的执笔人

88James Madison is famous for many things. Name one.

詹姆斯·麦迪逊以许多事情闻名。说出一件。

“Father of the Constitution”「宪法之父」
Fourth president of the United States美国第四任总统
President during the War of 18121812 年战争期间的总统
One of the writers of the Federalist Papers《联邦党人文集》的作者之一

89Alexander Hamilton is famous for many things. Name one.

亚历山大·汉密尔顿以许多事情闻名。说出一件。

First Secretary of the Treasury第一任财政部长
One of the writers of the Federalist Papers《联邦党人文集》的作者之一
Helped establish the First Bank of the United States协助创立美国第一银行
Aide to General George Washington乔治·华盛顿将军的副官
Member of the Continental Congress大陆会议成员

B: 1800s

90What territory did the United States buy from France in 1803?

1803 年美国从法国购买了哪片领土？

Louisiana Territory路易斯安那领地
Louisiana路易斯安那

91Name one war fought by the United States in the 1800s.

说出美国在 19 世纪打过的一场战争。

War of 18121812 年战争
Mexican-American War美墨战争
Civil War南北战争
Spanish-American War美西战争

92Name the U.S. war between the North and the South.

说出美国南北之间的那场战争。

The Civil War南北战争（内战）

93The Civil War had many important events. Name one.

南北战争有许多重要事件。说出一个。

(Battle of) Fort Sumter萨姆特堡（战役）
Emancipation Proclamation《解放奴隶宣言》
(Battle of) Vicksburg维克斯堡（战役）
(Battle of) Gettysburg葛底斯堡（战役）
Sherman’s March谢尔曼进军
(Surrender at) Appomattox（在）阿波马托克斯（投降）
(Battle of) Antietam/Sharpsburg安提塔姆／夏普斯堡（战役）
Lincoln was assassinated.林肯遇刺。

94Abraham Lincoln is famous for many things. Name one. ★

亚伯拉罕·林肯以许多事情闻名。说出一件。

Freed the slaves (Emancipation Proclamation)解放了奴隶（《解放奴隶宣言》）
Saved (or preserved) the Union拯救（或维护）了联邦
Led the United States during the Civil War在南北战争期间领导美国
16th president of the United States美国第十六任总统
Delivered the Gettysburg Address发表了葛底斯堡演说

95What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?

《解放奴隶宣言》起了什么作用？

Freed the slaves解放了奴隶
Freed slaves in the Confederacy解放了邦联的奴隶
Freed slaves in the Confederate states解放了邦联各州的奴隶
Freed slaves in most Southern states解放了南方大多数州的奴隶

96What U.S. war ended slavery?

哪场美国战争结束了奴隶制？

The Civil War南北战争（内战）

97What amendment says all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are U.S. citizens?

哪条修正案规定，在美国出生或归化并受其管辖的所有人都是美国公民？

14th Amendment第 14 条修正案

98When did all men get the right to vote?

所有男性何时获得投票权？

After the Civil War南北战争之后
During Reconstruction重建时期
(With the) 15th Amendment（随着）第 15 条修正案
18701870 年

99Name one leader of the women’s rights movement in the 1800s.

说出 19 世纪女权运动的一位领袖。

Susan B. Anthony苏珊·B·安东尼
Elizabeth Cady Stanton伊丽莎白·卡迪·斯坦顿
Sojourner Truth索杰纳·特鲁思
Harriet Tubman哈丽特·塔布曼
Lucretia Mott卢克丽霞·莫特
Lucy Stone露西·斯通

C: Recent American History and Other Important Historical Information

100Name one war fought by the United States in the 1900s.

说出美国在 20 世纪打过的一场战争。

World War I第一次世界大战
World War II第二次世界大战
Korean War朝鲜战争
Vietnam War越南战争
(Persian) Gulf War（波斯）湾战争

101Why did the United States enter World War I?

美国为什么参加第一次世界大战？

Because Germany attacked U.S. (civilian) ships因为德国袭击了美国（民用）船只
To support the Allied Powers (England, France, Italy, and Russia)为支持协约国（英国、法国、意大利和俄国）
To oppose the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria)为对抗同盟国（德国、奥匈帝国、奥斯曼帝国和保加利亚）

102When did all women get the right to vote?

所有女性何时获得投票权？

19201920 年
After World War I第一次世界大战之后
(With the) 19th Amendment（随着）第 19 条修正案

103What was the Great Depression?

什么是大萧条？

Longest economic recession in modern history现代史上持续时间最长的经济衰退

104When did the Great Depression start?

大萧条何时开始？

The Great Crash (1929)大崩盘（1929 年）
Stock market crash of 19291929 年股市崩盘

105Who was president during the Great Depression and World War II?

大萧条和第二次世界大战期间的总统是谁？

(Franklin) Roosevelt（富兰克林·）罗斯福

106Why did the United States enter World War II?

美国为什么参加第二次世界大战？

(Bombing of) Pearl Harbor珍珠港（遭轰炸）
Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor日本袭击珍珠港
To support the Allied Powers (England, France, and Russia)为支持同盟国（英国、法国和俄国）
To oppose the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan)为对抗轴心国（德国、意大利和日本）

107Dwight Eisenhower is famous for many things. Name one.

德怀特·艾森豪威尔以许多事情闻名。说出一件。

General during World War II第二次世界大战期间的将军
President at the end of (during) the Korean War朝鲜战争末期（期间）的总统
34th president of the United States美国第三十四任总统
Signed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 (Created the Interstate System)签署 1956 年《联邦资助公路法》（创建了州际公路系统）

108Who was the United States’ main rival during the Cold War?

冷战期间美国的主要对手是谁？

Soviet Union苏联
USSRUSSR
Russia俄国

109During the Cold War, what was one main concern of the United States?

冷战期间美国的一个主要担忧是什么？

Communism共产主义
Nuclear war核战争

110Why did the United States enter the Korean War?

美国为什么参加朝鲜战争？

To stop the spread of communism为阻止共产主义扩张

111Why did the United States enter the Vietnam War?

美国为什么参加越南战争？

To stop the spread of communism为阻止共产主义扩张

112What did the civil rights movement do?

民权运动做了什么？

Fought to end racial discrimination为终结种族歧视而斗争

113Martin Luther King, Jr. is famous for many things. Name one. ★

小马丁·路德·金以许多事情闻名。说出一件。

Fought for civil rights为民权而奋斗
Worked for equality for all Americans为全体美国人的平等而努力
Worked to ensure that people would “not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character”致力于让人们「不以肤色而是以品格来评判」

114Why did the United States enter the Persian Gulf War?

美国为什么参加波斯湾战争？

To force the Iraqi military from Kuwait为迫使伊拉克军队撤出科威特

115What major event happened on September 11, 2001 in the United States? ★

2001 年 9 月 11 日在美国发生了什么重大事件？

Terrorists attacked the United States恐怖分子袭击了美国
Terrorists took over two planes and crashed them into the World Trade Center in New York City恐怖分子劫持两架飞机撞向纽约市世界贸易中心
Terrorists took over a plane and crashed into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia恐怖分子劫持一架飞机撞向弗吉尼亚州阿灵顿的五角大楼
Terrorists took over a plane originally aimed at Washington, D.C., and crashed in a field in Pennsylvania恐怖分子劫持一架原定飞往华盛顿特区的飞机，坠毁在宾夕法尼亚州的一片田野

116Name one U.S. military conflict after the September 11, 2001 attacks.

说出 2001 年 9 月 11 日袭击之后美国的一场军事冲突。

(Global) War on Terror（全球）反恐战争
War in Afghanistan阿富汗战争
War in Iraq伊拉克战争

117Name one American Indian tribe in the United States.

说出美国的一个美洲印第安部落。

Apache阿帕奇（Apache）
Blackfeet黑脚（Blackfeet）
Cayuga卡尤加（Cayuga）
Cherokee切罗基（Cherokee）
Cheyenne夏延（Cheyenne）
Chippewa奇珀瓦（Chippewa）
Choctaw乔克托（Choctaw）
Creek克里克（Creek）
Crow克罗（Crow）
Hopi霍皮（Hopi）
Huron休伦（Huron）
Inupiat伊努皮亚特（Inupiat）
Lakota拉科塔（Lakota）
Mohawk莫霍克（Mohawk）
Mohegan莫希干（Mohegan）
Navajo纳瓦霍（Navajo）
Oneida奥奈达（Oneida）
Onondaga奥农达加（Onondaga）
Pueblo普韦布洛（Pueblo）
Seminole塞米诺尔（Seminole）
Seneca塞内卡（Seneca）
Shawnee肖尼（Shawnee）
Sioux苏（Sioux）
Teton提顿（Teton）
Tuscarora塔斯卡洛拉（Tuscarora）

118Name one example of an American innovation.

说出一项美国创新的例子。

Light bulb电灯泡
Automobile (cars, internal combustion engine)汽车（内燃机）
Skyscrapers摩天大楼
Airplane飞机
Assembly line流水线
Landing on the moon登月
Integrated circuit (IC)集成电路（IC）

A: Symbols

119What is the capital of the United States?

美国的首都是哪里？

Washington, D.C.华盛顿特区（Washington, D.C.）

120Where is the Statue of Liberty?

自由女神像在哪里？

New York (Harbor)纽约（港）
Liberty Island [Also acceptable are New Jersey, near New York City, and on the Hudson (River).]自由岛〔回答新泽西、纽约市附近、哈德逊（河）上也可以。〕

121Why does the flag have 13 stripes? ★

国旗为什么有 13 条条纹？

(Because there were) 13 original colonies（因为原来有）13 个殖民地
(Because the stripes) represent the original colonies（因为条纹）代表最初的那些殖民地

122Why does the flag have 50 stars?

国旗为什么有 50 颗星？

(Because there is) one star for each state（因为）每个州一颗星
(Because) each star represents a state（因为）每颗星代表一个州
(Because there are) 50 states（因为有）50 个州

123What is the name of the national anthem?

国歌叫什么名字？

The Star-Spangled Banner《星条旗》（The Star-Spangled Banner）

124The Nation’s first motto was “E Pluribus Unum.” What does that mean?

国家最初的格言是「E Pluribus Unum」。这是什么意思？

Out of many, one合众为一
We all become one我们都融为一体

B: Holidays

125What is Independence Day?

独立日是什么？

A holiday to celebrate U.S. independence (from Britain)庆祝美国（脱离英国）独立的节日
The country’s birthday国家的生日

126Name three national U.S. holidays. ★

说出三个美国的全国性节日。

New Year’s Day元旦
Martin Luther King, Jr. Day马丁·路德·金纪念日
Presidents Day (Washington’s Birthday)总统日（华盛顿诞辰日）
Memorial Day阵亡将士纪念日
Juneteenth六月节（Juneteenth）
Independence Day独立日
Labor Day劳动节
Columbus Day哥伦布日
Veterans Day退伍军人节
Thanksgiving Day感恩节
Christmas Day圣诞节

127What is Memorial Day?

什么是阵亡将士纪念日？

A holiday to honor soldiers who died in military service纪念在服役中牺牲的军人的节日

128What is Veterans Day?

什么是退伍军人节？

A holiday to honor people in the (U.S.) military纪念（美国）军人的节日
A holiday to honor people who have served (in the U.S. military)纪念曾（在美军）服役者的节日

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